In a typical chromatogram for a single solute A, we can see a small peak at the beginning, short time after the injection (which is performed at time zero). The solutes are characterized by their retention times or retention volumes (tr, or Vr). These quantities are depicted as the distance between the injection point and the peak maximum. The formula to calculate the retention volume Vr is: Retention volume equals (“retention time” multiplied by “gas flow rate”) Or we can express it in terms of the retention time as: retention time equals (“Retention volume” divided by “gas flow rate”) Or in formula Vr = tr x Fc or tr = Vr / Fc; where Fc is the gas flow rate The small initial peak corresponds to a component that does not is sorb into the stationary phase, thus it is an un-retained component. The IUPAC defines Vm, the holdup volume as: “the volume of the mobile phase (MP) required to elute the un‐retained compound from the chromatographic column and reported at column t
Gas chromatography (GC) is a technique used for separation and analysis of volatile compounds. It can be used to analyze gases, liquids or solids, which are usually dissolved in volatile solvents. The molecular weight of the compounds analyze can vary in the molecular weight range from 2 to over 1000 Da. For example, it can be used to separate and analyze more than 450 components in coffee aroma.
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